Substituted pyrazolopyrimidines as glucocerebrosidase activators

ABSTRACT

Substituted pyrazolopyrimidines and dihydropyrazolopyrimidines and related compounds, their methods of manufacture, compositions containing these compounds, and methods of use of these compounds in treating lysosomal storage disorders such as Gaucher disease are described herein. The compounds are of general Formula (I) 
                         
in which variables R 1 -R 7  and X are described in the application.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a national stage application of PCT/US2011/63928, filed Dec. 8, 2011, which claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/420,946, filed Dec. 8, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

This invention was made in part with government support from the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in this invention.

BACKGROUND

Gaucher disease is a rare disease affecting 1 in 40,000 babies born with a particular high frequency in the Ashkenazi Jews of eastern European descent (about 1 in 800 live births). It is caused by inherited genetic mutations in the GBA (glucosidase, beta acid) gene, which result in reduced activity of glucocerebrosidease (GCase or acid beta-glucocerebrosidase), an enzyme present in cellular organelles called lysosomes, responsible for the breakdown of a fatty material called glucocerebroside (or glucosyl ceramide). The accumulation of this lipid inside cells causes them to swell abnormally creating problems throughout the body. The disease has been categorized into three types: Neuronopathic (types 2, 3) and non-neuronopathic (type 1) with mild to severe symptoms that can appear at anytime from infancy to adulthood. Clinical manifestations include enlarged spleen/liver, anemia, lack of platelets, neurodegeneration, and bone disease with varying severity depending on the type of disease and time of diagnosis. The reduction in GCase activity has been attributed to the lack of protein in the lysosome. After production in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins that do not fold properly are degraded in the ER and not transported to the lysosome where they can hydrolyze glucocerebroside.

Existing treatment options for Gaucher disease include enzyme replacement (CEREZYME) or substrate reduction therapy (ZAVESCA) which cost between $100,000 to >$200,000 per year. The development of the iminosugar isofagomine (PLICERA) as a molecular chaperone was halted after Phase 2 clinical trials showed an increase in the amount of GCase in white blood cells but a lack in the reduction of visceral symptoms. Thus there is an unmet need for the development of novel chaperone therapy for Gaucher disease. The present disclosure fulfills this need and provides additional advantages set forth in the following disclosure.

SUMMARY

Described herein are substituted pyrazolopyrimidines and dihydropyrazolopyrimidines and related compounds, their methods of manufacture, compositions containing the described compounds, and methods of use of the described compounds. Thus in a first aspect, a compound of Formula (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a compound of Formula (I) is provided

Formula (I) wherein the ring

is a ring system of the formula (i)

in which R₅ is an optionally substituted vinyl group and R₆ and R₇ carry the definitions set forth below, or (ii)

in which R₅, R₆, and R₇ carry the definitions set forth below.

R₁ is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, (mono- or bicyclic carbocycle)C₀-C₄alkyl or (mono- or bicyclic heterocycle)C₀-C₄alkyl, each of which R₁ is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, —CHO, —COOH, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₂-C₆alkanoyl, (mono- or di-C₁-C₆alkylamino)C₀-C₄alkyl, mono- or di-C₁-C₆alkylcarboxamide, C₁-C₆alkylester, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy, and with 0 or 1 substituents chosen from Y—Z— where Z is a covalent bond, C₁-C₄alkylene, —S—, —O—, —NR—, —C(O)—, —NHC(O)—, or —C(O)NH—, where R is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, and Y is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy; and R₂ is hydrogen, C₁-C₀alkyl, C₃-C₇cycloalkyl, and (phenyl)C₀-C₂alkyl.

Or, R₁ and R₂ are joined to form a 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 0 or 1 additional heteroatoms chosen from N, O, and S, which 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is optionally fused to a phenyl or pyridyl; which 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy.

R₃ is hydrogen or C₁-C₂alkyl.

R₅ is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, C₁-C₄alkyl, vinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylidenyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, or phenyl.

R₆ is halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₄alkyl, or C₁-C₄alkoxy.

R₇ is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl, or

R₇ is phenyl or a 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 1 or 2 heteroatoms chosen from N, O, and S, each of which R₇ is directly attached via a covalent bond or attached via a C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, or C₁-C₄alkylamino group, and each of which R₇ is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkxoy, (mono- and di-C₁-C₂alkylamino)C₀-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy; or

R₆ and R₇ are taken together to form a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring with no additional points of unsaturation, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from C₁-C₂alkyl and C₁-C₂alkoxy.

In certain embodiments R₁ is not unsubstituted phenyl, dihydroindenyl, benzy[b][1,4]dioxolyl, benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl, cyclohexyl, pyridyl, or phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently chosen from chloro, fluoro, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₂alkoxy, acetyl, and trifluoromethyl, when R₆ is hydrogen, R₅ and R₇ are both methyl, or when R₆ is hydrogen and one R₅ and R₇ is methyl and the other is phenyl. Also R₁ is not 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl when R₆ is hydrogen and one R₅ and R₇ is methyl and the other is phenyl.

In another aspect a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I, or salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, is provided.

Also provided herein is a method of treating Gaucher disease in a patient or preventing or reducing the severity of the symptoms of Gaucher disease in a patient having a GBA gene mutation comprising providing an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the patient.

Yet another aspect provides a method of increasing the amount of beta glucocerebrosidase in the white blood cells of patient having a GBA gene mutation, comprising providing an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) to the patient.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Described herein are substituted pyrazolopyrimidines and dihydropyrazolopyrimidines and related compounds useful as chaperones of glucocerebrosidase. Certain substituted pyrazolopyrimidines and dihydropyrazolopyrimidines and related compounds disclosed in this application are potent and selective activators of glucocerebrosidase. These compounds are useful in treating Gaucher disease and preventing the symptoms of Gaucher disease in persons who have a mutated GBA gene.

TERMINOLOGY

Compounds are described using standard nomenclature. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

The terms “a” and “an” do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items. The term “or” means “and/or”. The terms “comprising”, “having”, “including”, and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to”). Recitation of ranges of values are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. The endpoints of all ranges are included within the range and independently combinable. All methods described herein can be performed in a suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”), is intended merely to better illustrate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention as used herein. Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

All compounds are understood to include all possible isotopes of atoms occurring in the compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. By way of general example, and without limitation, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium and isotopes of carbon include ¹¹C, ¹³C and ¹⁴C.

The term “substituted” means that any one or more hydrogens on the designated atom or group is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valence is not exceeded. When the substituent is oxo (i.e., ═O), then 2 hydrogens on the atom are replaced. When aromatic moieties are substituted by an oxo group, the aromatic ring is replaced by the corresponding partially unsaturated ring. For example a pyridyl group substituted by oxo is a pyridone. Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds or useful synthetic intermediates. A stable compound or stable structure is meant to imply a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation from a reaction mixture, and subsequent formulation into an effective therapeutic agent.

Suitable groups that may be present on an “optionally substituted” position include, but are not limited to, e.g., halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, oxo, azido, alkanoyl (such as a C₂-C₆ alkanoyl group such as acyl or the like); carboxamido; alkylcarboxamide; alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkylthio groups including those having one or more thioether linkages, alkylsulfinyl groups including those having one or more sulfinyl linkages, alkylsulfonyl groups including those having one or more sulfonyl linkages, mono- and di-aminoalkyl groups including groups having one or more N atoms, all of the foregoing optional alkyl substituents may have one or more methylene groups replaced by an oxygen or —NH—, and have from about 1 to about 8, from about 1 to about 6, or from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl; phenyl; phenylalkyl with benzyl being an exemplary phenylalkyl group, phenylalkoxy with benzyloxy being an exemplary phenylalkoxy group.

A dash (“-”) that is not between two letters or symbols is used to indicate a point of attachment for a substituent.

“Alkyl” includes both branched and straight chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, having the specified number of carbon atoms. The term C₁-C₂alkyl means an alkyl group having from 1 to about 2 carbon atoms, e.g., methyl and ethyl, respectively Likewise “alkenyl” is a branched or straight chain unsaturated hydrocarbon group having the specified number of carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond and alkynyl is a branched or straight chain unsaturated hydrocarbon group having the specified number of carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

“Alkylene” is a straight or branched saturated bivalent carbon chain having the indicated number of carbon atoms.

“Alkylester” is an alkyl group as defined above attached through an ester linkage. The ester linkage may be in either orientation, e.g., a group of the formula —O(C═O)alkyl or a group of the formula —(C═O)Oalkyl.

“Alkylester” is an alkyl group as defined above attached through an ester linkage. The ester linkage may be in either orientation, e.g., a group of the formula —O(C═O)alkyl or a group of the formula —(C═O)Oalkyl.

“Alkylester” is an alkyl group as defined above attached through an ester linkage. The ester linkage may be in either orientation, e.g., a group of the formula —O(C═O)alkyl or a group of the formula —(C═O)Oalkyl.

“Alkanoyl” is an alkyl group as defined above, attached through a keto (—(C═O)—) bridge. Alkanoyl groups have the indicated number of carbon atoms, with the carbon of the keto group being included in the numbered carbon atoms. For example a C₂alkanoyl group is an acetyl group having the formula CH₃(C═O)—.

“Alkylsulfonyl” is a group of the formula alkyl-(SO₂)—, where the alkyl group is an alkyl group as defined above having the defined number of carbon atoms. An exemplary alkylsulfonyl group is methylsulfonyl.

“Alkylthio” indicates an alkyl group as defined above attached through a sulfur linkage, i.e. a group of the formula alkyl-S—. Examples include ethylthio and pentylthio.

“Alkoxy” means an alkyl group, as defined above, with the indicated number of carbon atoms attached via an oxygen bridge.

“Cycloalkyl” is a saturated hydrocarbon ring group, having the specified number of carbon atoms, usually from 3 to about 7 carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl as well as bridged or caged saturated ring groups such as norborane or adamantane.

A “mono- or bicyclic carbocycle” is a 3- to 8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring containing only carbon ring atoms or a 6 to 11 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic bicyclic carbocyclic ring system containing only carbon ring atoms. Unless otherwise indicated, the carbocyclic group may be attached to its pendant group at any carbon atom that results in a stable structure. When indicated the carbocyclic rings described herein may be substituted on any available ring carbon if the resulting compound is stable. Carbocyclic groups include cycloalkyl groups, such as cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl; cycloalkenyl groups, such as cyclohexenyl, bridged cycloalkyl groups; and aryl groups, such as phenyl.

“Halo” or “halogen” means fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.

“Heterocycloalkyl” is a saturated cyclic group having the indicated number of ring atoms containing from 1 to about 3 heteroatoms chosen from N, O, and S, with remaining ring atoms being carbon. Examples of heterocycloalkyl groups include tetrahydrofuranyl and pyrrolidinyl groups.

“Mono- or bicyclic-heterocycle” is a 5- to 8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring containing from 1 to about 4 heteroatoms chosen from N, O, and S, with remaining ring atoms being carbon, or a 7 to 11 membered bicyclic saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic heterocylic ring system, each containing at least 1 heteroatom in the multiple ring system chosen from N, O, and S and containing up to about 4 heteroatoms independently chosen from N, O, and S in each ring of the multiple ring system. Unless otherwise indicated, the heterocyclic ring may be attached to the group it substitutes at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure. When indicated the heterocyclic rings described herein may be substituted on carbon or on a nitrogen atom if the resulting compound is stable. A nitrogen atom in the heterocycle may optionally be quaternized. It is preferred that the total number of heteroatoms in a heterocyclic groups is not more than 4 and that the total number of S and O atoms in a heterocyclic group is not more than 2, more preferably not more than 1. Examples of heterocyclic groups include, pyridyl, indolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridizinyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, quinolinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, benz[b]thiophenyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, thienyl, isoindolyl, dihydroisoindolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, and pyrrolidinyl.

“Mono- and/or di-alkylamino” means secondary or tertiary alkyl amino groups, wherein the alkyl groups are as defined above and have the indicated number of carbon atoms. The point of attachment of the alkylamino group is on the nitrogen. The alkyl groups are independently chosen. Examples of mono- and di-alkylamino groups include ethylamino, dimethylamino, and methyl-propyl-amino.

“Mono- or di-alkylcarboxamide” is a group of the formula —(C═P)Nalkyl₁alkyl₂, where the alkyl₁ and alkyl₂ groups are independently chosen alkyl groups as defined herein, attached through a carboxamide linkage. The carboxamide linkage may be in either orientation, e.g., —NH(C═O)— or —(C═O)NH—.

“Haloalkyl” means both branched and straight-chain alkyl groups having the specified number of carbon atoms, substituted with 1 or more halogen atoms, generally up to the maximum allowable number of halogen atoms. Examples of haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, and penta-fluoroethyl.

“Haloalkoxy” indicates a haloalkyl group as defined above attached through an oxygen bridge (oxygen of an alcohol radical).

“Pharmaceutical compositions” means compositions comprising at least one active agent, such as a compound or salt of Formula I, and at least one other substance, such as a carrier. Pharmaceutical compositions meet the U.S. FDA's GMP (good manufacturing practice) standards for human or non-human drugs.

“Carrier” means a diluent, excipient, or vehicle with which an active compound is administered. A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a substance, e.g., excipient, diluent, or vehicle, that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes a carrier that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes both one and more than one such carrier.

A “patient” means a human or non-human animal in need of medical treatment. Medical treatment can include treatment of an existing condition, such as a disease or disorder, prophylactic or preventative treatment, or diagnostic treatment. In some embodiments the patient is a human patient.

“Providing” means giving, administering, selling, distributing, transferring (for profit or not), manufacturing, compounding, or dispensing.

“Treatment” or “treating” means providing an active compound to a patient in an amount sufficient to measurably reduce any symptom of a beta-glucocerebrosidase mediated disorder, e.g., cause regression of the disorder, liver function, reduce anemia, increase platelet count, or decrease the rate of neurodegeneration or bone degeneration. In certain embodiments treatment of Gaucher disease may be commenced before the patient presents symptoms of the disease.

A “therapeutically effective amount” of a pharmaceutical composition means an amount effective, when administered to a patient, to provide a therapeutic benefit such as an amelioration of symptoms, e.g., an amount effective to decrease the symptoms of Gaucher disease.

A significant change is any detectable change that is statistically significant in a standard parametric test of statistical significance such as Student's T-test, where p<0.05.

Chemical Description

Compounds of formula I may contain one or more asymmetric elements such as stereogenic centers, stereogenic axes and the like, e.g., asymmetric carbon atoms, so that the compounds can exist in different stereoisomeric forms. These compounds can be, for example, racemates or optically active forms. For compounds with two or more asymmetric elements, these compounds can additionally be mixtures of diastereomers. For compounds having asymmetric centers, all optical isomers in pure form and mixtures thereof are encompassed. In these situations, the single enantiomers, i.e., optically active forms can be obtained by asymmetric synthesis, synthesis from optically pure precursors, or by resolution of the racemates. Resolution of the racemates can also be accomplished, for example, by conventional methods such as crystallization in the presence of a resolving agent, or chromatography, using, for example a chiral HPLC column. All forms are contemplated herein regardless of the methods used to obtain them.

All forms (for example solvates, optical isomers, enantiomeric forms, polymorphs, free compound and salts) of an active agent may be employed either alone or in combination.

The term “chiral” refers to molecules, which have the property of non-superimposability of the mirror image partner.

“Stereoisomers” are compounds, which have identical chemical constitution, but differ with regard to the arrangement of the atoms or groups in space.

A “diastereomer” is a stereoisomer with two or more centers of chirality and whose molecules are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomers have different physical properties, e.g., melting points, boiling points, spectral properties, and reactivities. Mixtures of diastereomers may separate under high resolution analytical procedures such as electrophoresis, crystallization in the presence of a resolving agent, or chromatography, using, for example a chiral HPLC column.

“Enantiomers” refer to two stereoisomers of a compound, which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another. A 50:50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to as a racemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has been no stereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction or process.

Stereochemical definitions and conventions used herein generally follow S. P. Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (1984) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York; and Eliel, E. and Wilen, S., Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds (1994) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Many organic compounds exist in optically active forms, i.e., they have the ability to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. In describing an optically active compound, the prefixes D and L or R and S are used to denote the absolute configuration of the molecule about its chiral center(s). The prefixes d and l or (+) and (−) are employed to designate the sign of rotation of plane-polarized light by the compound, with (−) or l meaning that the compound is levorotatory. A compound prefixed with (+) or d is dextrorotatory.

A “racemic mixture” or “racemate” is an equimolar (or 50:50) mixture of two enantiomeric species, devoid of optical activity. A racemic mixture may occur where there has been no stereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction or process.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” include derivatives of the disclosed compounds in which the parent compound is modified by making inorganic and organic, non-toxic, acid or base addition salts thereof. The salts of the present compounds can be synthesized from a parent compound that contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting free acid forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base (such as Na, Ca, Mg, or K hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, or the like), or by reacting free base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate acid. Such reactions are typically carried out in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two. Generally, non-aqueous media such as ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are used, where practicable. Salts of the present compounds further include solvates of the compounds and of the compound salts.

Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts and the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, conventional non-toxic acid salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, mesylic, esylic, besylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, HOOC—(CH₂)_(n)—COOH where n is 0-4, and the like. Lists of additional suitable salts may be found, e.g., in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., p. 1418 (1985).

Small molecules which activate the GCase enzyme are disclosed herein. The data suggests these small molecules may be acting as chaperones which help the misfolded enzyme to fold properly and be trafficked from the endoplasmic reticulum to the lysosome. Most small molecule chaperones described in literature are inhibitors of GCase and thus can potentially inhibit enzyme activity in the lysosome. The present chemical series is advantageous as the compounds do not inhibit, but rather activate GCase. The chemical class of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3carboxamides is also structurally distinct from iminosugars, often described as chaperones in literature, and holds promise towards selectivity against other glycosidases.

In addition to compounds of Formula (I) shown above in the SUMMARY section, Compounds of II and III, which are subformulae of Formula I, and compounds in which the variables, e.g., R₁-R₇ carry the following definitions are also disclosed.

In Formula III, R_(5a) is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₃-C₇cycloalkyl, or 4- to 7-membered carbon attached heterocycloalkyl, having 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently chosen from N, S, and O.

In certain embodiments of Formula III, R_(5a) is hydrogen or cyclopropyl.

Included herein are compounds and salts for Formula I and II in which:

R₂ is hydrogen or methyl; and

R₅ is C₁-C₄alkyl, difluoromethyl, or phenyl;

R₇ is C₁-C₄alkyl, difluoromethyl, or phenyl; and

R₅ and R₇ are not both phenyl.

Further included herein are compounds and salts for Formula I and II in which: R₅ and R₇ are both methyl; or

one of R₅ and R₇ is methyl and the other is phenyl; or

one of R₅ and R₇ is methyl and the other is difluoromethyl.

Included herein are compounds and salts of Formula I, II, and III in which: R₁ is (phenyl)C₀-C₄alkyl, (pyridyl)C₀-C₄alkyl, (pyrimidinyl) C₀-C₄alkyl, (C₃-C₇cycloalkyl)C₀-C₄alkyl, (pyrazolyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, (pyrrolyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, (imidazolyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, (thienyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, (furanyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, (oxazolyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, (thiazolyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, pyrrolidinyl, naphthyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydroindenyl, benzo[b][1,4]dioxinyl, or benzo[d][1,3]dioxolyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, —CHO, —COOH, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₂-C₆alkanoyl, mono- or di-C₁-C₆alkylamino, mono- or di-C₁-C₆alkylcarboxamide, C₁-C₆alkylester, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy, and with 0 or 1 substituents chosen from Y—Z— where Z is a covalent bond, C₁-C₄alkylene, —S—, —O—, —NR—, —C(O)—, —NHC(O)—, or —C(O)NH—, where R is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, and Y is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, C₁-C₄alkyl, and C₁-C₄alkoxy.

Also included herein are compounds and salts of Formula I, II, and III in which: R₁ and R₂ are joined to form a 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 0 or additional heteroatoms chosen from N, O, and S, which 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is optionally fused to a phenyl or pyridyl; which 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy.

Further included herein are compounds and salts of Formula I, II, and III in which R₁ is (phenyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, substituted with at least one substituent chosen from cyano, trifluoromethyl, CH₃C(O)NH—, ornR₁ is cyclohexyl, substituted with at least one trifluoromethyl, C₃-C₆alkyl; or R₁ is dihydroindenyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl; each of which R₁ may be substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, —CHO, —COOH, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, C₂-C₄alkanoyl, mono- or di-C₁-C₄alkylamino, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy.

Included herein are compounds and salts of Formula I, II, and III in which: R₂ is hydrogen or methyl; and R₇ is C₁-C₄alkyl, difluoromethyl, or phenyl. In some embodiments it is preferred that R₇ is difluoromethyl.

Included herein are compounds and salts of Formula I, II, and III in which:

R₂ is hydrogen or methyl; and R₇ is methyl or difluoromethyl; and

R₁ is (phenyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, (pyridyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, (cyclohexyl)C₀-C₂alkyl, pyrazolyl, furanylnaphthyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl tetrahydrofuranyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydroindenyl, benzo[b][1,4]dioxinyl, or benzo[d][1,3]dioxolyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, —CHO, —COOH, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, C₂-C₄alkanoyl, mono- or di-C₁-C₄alkylamino, mono- or di-C₁-C₄alkylcarboxamide, C₁-C₄alkylester, C₁-C₂alkylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and difluoromethyl, and with 0 or 1 substituents chosen from Y—Z— where Z is a covalent bond, C₁-C₄alkylene, —S—, —O—, —NR—, —C(O)—, —NHC(O)—, or —C(O)NH—, where R is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, and Y is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy.

Compounds of Formula I have the following tautomeric formulas:

Pharmaceutical Preparations

The substituted pyrazolopyrimidines and dihydropyrazolopyrimidines disclosed herein can be administered as the neat chemical, but are specifically administered as a pharmaceutical composition, for example a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a substituted pyrazolopyrimidines or dihydropyrazolopyrimidine compound of Formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical composition can be is formulated as an injectable fluid, an aerosol, a cream, a gel, a tablet, a pill, a capsule, a syrup, or a transdermal patch.

The substituted pyrazolopyrimidines and dihydropyrazolopyrimidines may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, by inhalation or spray, sublingually, transdermally, via buccal administration, rectally, as an ophthalmic solution, or by other means, in dosage unit formulations containing conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The pharmaceutical composition may be formulated as any pharmaceutically useful form, e.g., as an aerosol, a cream, a gel, a pill, a capsule, a tablet, a syrup, a transdermal patch, or an ophthalmic solution. Some dosage forms, such as tablets and capsules, are subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active components, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.

Carriers include excipients and diluents and must be of sufficiently high purity and sufficiently low toxicity to render them suitable for administration to the patient being treated. The carrier can be inert or it can possess pharmaceutical benefits of its own. The amount of carrier employed in conjunction with the compound is sufficient to provide a practical quantity of material for administration per unit dose of the compound.

Classes of carriers include, but are not limited to binders, buffering agents, coloring agents, diluents, disintegrants, emulsifiers, flavorings, glidants, lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, surfactants, tableting agents, and wetting agents. Some carriers may be listed in more than one class, for example vegetable oil may be used as a lubricant in some formulations and a diluent in others. Exemplary pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include sugars, starches, celluloses, powdered tragacanth, malt, gelatin, talc, and vegetable oils. Optional active and/or inactive agents may be included in the pharmaceutical compositions, provided that such agents do not substantially interfere with the activity of the hydrazone and diacyl hydrazine compounds used in the pharmaceutical compositions. The optional active is an additional active agent that is not a compound or salt of Formula I.

The pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated for oral administration. These compositions contain between 0.1 and 99 weight % (wt. %) of a hydrazone or a diacyl hydrazine compound and usually at least about 5 wt. % of a hydrazone or a diacyl hydrazine compound. Some embodiments contain from about 25 wt. % to about 50 wt. % or from about 5 wt. % to about 75 wt. % of the hydrazone or diacyl hydrazine compound.

Treatment Methods

The compounds of Formula I or a salt thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, are useful for treating lysosomal storage diseases, including Gaucher disease. The compounds of Formula I or a salt thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, are also useful for preventing the occurrence of symptoms of a lysosomal storage disorder, such as Gaucher disease, in a patient having GBA gene mutation. The method of treating a lysosomal storage disease in a patient comprises providing to the patient an effective amount of a compound or salt of Formula I: In an embodiment the patient is a mammal, specifically a primate, more specifically a human. An effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition may be an amount sufficient to inhibit the progression of a disease or disorder; or cause a regression of a disease or disorder.

An effective amount of a compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein will also provide a sufficient concentration of a substituted pyrazolopyrimidines or dihydropyrazolopyrimidines compound when administered to a patient. A sufficient concentration is a concentration of the compound or salt of Formula I in the patient's body necessary to prevent or combat the disorder. Such an amount may be ascertained experimentally, for example by assaying blood concentration of the compound, or theoretically, by calculating bioavailability.

Methods of treatment include providing certain dosage amounts of a substituted pyrazolopyrimidine or dihydropyrazolopyrimidine compound or salt to a patient. Dosage levels of each compound of from about 0.1 mg to about 140 mg per kilogram of body weight per day are useful in the treatment of the above-indicated conditions (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g per patient per day). The amount of compound that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the patient treated and the particular mode of administration. Dosage unit forms will generally contain between from about 1 mg to about 500 mg of each active compound. In certain embodiments 25 mg to 500 mg, or 25 mg to 200 mg of a compound of Formula I are provided daily to a patient. Frequency of dosage may also vary depending on the compound used and the particular disease treated. However, for treatment of most diseases and disorders, a dosage regimen of 4 times daily or less can be used and in certain embodiments a dosage regimen of 1 or 2 times daily is used.

It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy.

In an embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating a lysosomal storage disorder in a patient identified as in need of such treatment, the method comprising providing to the patient an effective amount of a compound of Formula I. The compounds and salts of Formula I provided herein may be administered alone, or in combination with one or more other active agent.

Methods of treatment provided herein are also useful for treatment of mammals other than humans, including for veterinary applications such as to treat horses and livestock e.g. cattle, sheep, cows, goats, swine and the like, and pets (companion animals) such as dogs and cats.

For diagnostic or research applications, a wide variety of mammals will be suitable subjects including rodents (e.g. mice, rats, hamsters), rabbits, primates, and swine such as inbred pigs and the like. Additionally, for in vitro applications, such as in vitro diagnostic and research applications, body fluids (e.g., blood, plasma, serum, cellular interstitial fluid, saliva, feces and urine) and cell and tissue samples of the above subjects will be suitable for use.

EXAMPLES

The following Examples are offered by way of illustration and not by way of limitation. Unless otherwise specified, all reagents and solvent are of standard commercial grade and are used without further purification. Starting materials are available from commercial suppliers, such as Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo.), or are synthesized using procedures that are known in the art.

Example 1 Synthetic Scheme for Preparing Substituted Pyrazolopyrimidines and Dihydropyrazolopyrimidines

The synthetic sequence (Scheme 1) used to generate the substituted pyrazolopyrimidines and dihydropyrazolopyrimidines provided herein starts with the condensation of a 1,3-diketone 6 with ethyl 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate 7 in acetic acid. Such reactions have been reported previously. See for example WO 2008/134035 and Huppatz, J. L. Aust. J. Chem. 1985, 38, 221-230. Initial efforts to simplify the evaluation of the amide SAR centered on the use of acetylacetone as the diketone to eliminate the formation of regioisomers (R₁═R₂═CH₃). With unsymmetrical ketones a mixture of regioisomers (8, 9) forms which is typically separated by chromatography. Ester hydrolysis then provides an acid, which is coupled with amines or anilines to generate compounds (10, 11) for biological analysis.

Example 2 Synthesis of N-(4-Ethynylphenyl)-5,7-Dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidine-3-Carboxamide Step 1. Synthesis of 5,7-Dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (12)

Pentane-2,4-dione (1.46 ml, 14.2 mmol), ethyl 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (2.00 g, 12.9 mmol) were heated in a sealed tube with acetic acid (10 ml) at 110° C. overnight. The reaction reached completion by LCMS (LC-MS: rt (min)=3.08). The acetic acid was removed by blowing air with the flask being heated to 75° C. The crude residue of ethyl 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (assumed to be 12.89 mmol) was suspended in MeOH (15 ml) and treated with 7.2 M sodium hydroxide (5.37 ml, 38.7 mmol). The mixture was heated to 80° C. (at this temperature the solid dissolved) and then stirred for 3 h. The reaction was cooled and the neutralized to pH 6-7. The slurry was filtered via a Büchner funnel under house vacuum, the solid residue was washed with water and then diethyl ether to obtain 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (1.4 g, 7.3 mmol, 57% yield). LC-MS: rt (min)=2.61. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H).

Step 2. Synthesis of N-(4-Ethynylphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (13)

5,7-Dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (722 mg, 3.78 mmol), 4-ethynylaniline (442 mg, 3.78 mmol), and HATU (1436 mg, 3.78 mmol) were taken up in DMF (10 ml) and then treated with diisopropylethylamine (1.979 ml, 11.33 mmol). The contents stirred at room temperature overnight. The product had precipitated from reaction mixture. The reaction was diluted with water, filtered through a Büchner funnel under house vacuum. The residue was washed with water (×2), then CH₂Cl₂, diethyl ether, and air dried to obtain N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (500 mg, 1.72 mmol, 46% yield). LC-MS: rt (min)=3.65. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 4.11 (s, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 10.31 (s, 1H).

Example 3 Assay Protocol for Glucocerebrosidase Activity

qHTS Assay for Inhibitors and Activators of N370S glucocerebrosidase as a Potential Chaperone Treatment of Gaucher Disease: Primary Screen Confirmation

This is a fluorogenic enzyme assay with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as the substrate and N370S glucocerebrosidase from human spleen homogenate as the enzyme preparation. Upon the hydrolysis of this fluorogenic substrate, the resulting product, 4-methyllumbelliferone, can be excited at 365 nm and emits at 440 nm which can be detected by a standard fluorescence plate reader. Data were normalized to the controls for basal activity (without enzyme) and 100% activity (with enzyme). The AC50 values were determined from concentration-response data modeled with the standard Hill equation.

Human spleen homogenate is prepared as follows by homogenizing spleen with assay buffer containing 50 mM citric acid (titrated with potassium phosphate to pH 5.0), 100 mM potassium chloride, 10 mM sodium chloride, 1 mM magnesium chloride, 0.01% Tween-20. The protein concentration of the human spleen homogenate is approximated 1.35 ug/ul.

The assay is performed in 1536 well plates according to the following protocol. (1) 2 ul spleen homogenate (27 ug final) is added to each well. (2) 23 mL test compound in DMSO solution is added to each well. The final concentration of compound in the test well is 0.5 nM to 58 uM. (3) 2 ul of substrate (1 mM final) are added to each well. (4) Incubate assay plates at 37° C. for 40 min. (5) Add 2 ul stop solution (1M NaOH and 1M Glycine mixture, pH 10) to each well. (6) Detect the assay plate in a ViewLux plate reader (PerkinElmer) using 365 nm excitation with emission at 440 nm.

Example 4 Chaperone Activity of N-(4-Ethynylphenyl)-5,7-Dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidine-3-Carboxamide (NGC00188758-01)

Chaperone activity of NGC00188758-1 (1 μM and 5 μM), isofagomine (1 μM), and a vehicle control were evaluated in a N370S patient derived fibroblast for chaperone activity. GCase was visualized with red stain (anti GCase R386 antibody), lysosome with green (LAMP), and nucleus with blue (DAPI). An overlay of all stains shows bright yellow color (due to overlap of red and green color) color indicating the presence of GCase in the lysosome. All laser settings were held constant across all of the fields imaged. Both isofagomine and NGC00188758-1 showed significantly increased GCase activity in the lysosome relative to vehicle control.

Example 5 Selectivity Assay: qHTS Assay for Inhibitors and Activators of N370S Glucocerebrosidase as a Potential Chaperone Treatment of Gaucher Disease: Alpha-Glucosidase Counterscreen

To characterize compound selectivity, selected hits from the primary screen were screened against purified alpha-glucosidase, a related sugar hydrolase. Alpha-glucosidase is responsible for hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose. This is a fluorogenic enzyme assay using 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-pyranoside as the substrate and human alpha-glucosidase as the enzyme preparation. Upon the hydrolysis of this fluorogenic substrate, the resulting product, 1.4-methyllumbelliferone, can be excited at 365 nm and emits at 440 nm. Emission is detected by a standard fluorescence plate reader. Data were normalized to the controls for basal activity (without enzyme) and 100% activity (with enzyme). The AC50 values were determined from concentration-response data modeled with the standard Hill equation.

The assay is performed in 1536 well plates according to the following protocol. (1) Add 2 ul/well of human alpha-glucosidase enzyme (4 nM final) in assay buffer (50 mM citric acid (titrated with potassium phosphate to pH 5.0), 0.005% Tween-20, pH 5.0) to each well. (2) Add 23 mL compounds in DMSO solution. The final compound titration is 0.7 nM to 77 uM. (3) Add 1 ul of substrate (400 uM final). (4) Incubate at room temperature for 20 min. (5) Add 2 ul stop solution (1M NaOH and 1M Glycine mixture, pH 10) (6) Detect the assay plate in a ViewLux plate reader (PerkinElmer) with Ex=365 nm and Em=440 nm.

Example 6 Lysosomal Translocation Assay: Chaperone Activity in Gaucher Fibroblasts after Multi-Day Incubation with Compound

This assay quantitates translocated glucocerebrosidase protein in patient-derived fibroblasts following extended compound incubation. The fibroblasts tested in this experiment were homozygous for N370S glucocerebrosidase.

Primary dermal fibroblasts derived from skin biopsies from two previously described N370S/N370S Gaucher patients (Goker-Alpan et al, 2008) and a control were seeded in Lab-Tek 4 chamber slides (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, Pa.). After compound treatment fibroblasts were fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde. The cells were permeabelized with 0.1% Triton-X for 10 min. and blocked in PBS containing 0.1% saponin, 100 μM glycine, 0.1% BSA and 2% donkey serum followed by incubation with mouse monoclonal anti-LAMP1 or LAMP-2 (1:100, Developmental Studies Hybridoma bank, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa) and the rabbit polyclonal anti-GCase R386 antibody (1:500). The cells were washed and incubated with secondary donkey anti-mouse or anti-rabbit antibodies conjugated to ALEXA-488 or ALEXA-555, respectively (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.), washed again, and mounted in VectaShield with DAPI (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, Calif.).

Cells were imaged with a Zeiss 510 META confocal laser-scanning microscope (Carl Zeiss, Microimaging Inc., Germany) using an Argon (458, 477, 488, 514 nm) 30 mW laser, a HeNe (543 nm) 1 mW laser, and a laser diode (405 nm). Low and high magnification images were acquired using a Plan-Apochromat 20×/0.75 objective and a Plan-Apochromat 100×/1.4 oil DIC objective, respectively. Images were taken with the same laser settings and all the images are collapsed z-stacks. Images suggested significant translocation of glucocerebrosidase protein to lysosomes in compound treated fibroblasts relative to untreated fibroblasts.

Example 8 Additional Compounds

The following compounds are prepared according to the procedures provided in Examples 1 and 2. Those of skill in the art will recognize that reagents and reaction conditions will need to be varied to achieve the listed compounds. Such variations will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art of organic chemical synthesis.

LCMS retention time data was obtained as follows:

Method 1. Column: Phenomenex Luna C18 (3 micron, 3×75 mm) Run time: 8 min. Gradient: 4% to 100% Acetonitrile in water over 7 min. Mobile phase: Acetonitrile (0.025% TFA), water (0.05% TFA). Flow rate: 1 mL/min. Temperature: 50° C. UV wavelength: 220 nm, 254 nm

2. Method 2: detection UV214, Gemini column, Solvent A is water, Solvent B is 90% acetonitrile, 10% water; 0.1% AcOH modifier. Gradient initial condition is 100% A with hold time 0.5 min; gradient time is 3 min. Gradient final conc. is 100% B. gradient final hold is 0.5 min Run time 5 min. Flow ate 1.5 ml/min.

Method 3. detection UV220, Phenomenex Luna 2.5 micron C18 100×2.00 mm column, Solvent A is water (0.05% TFA), Solvent B is acetonitrile (0.025% TFA). Gradient initial condition is 95% A, 5% B with hold time 0.1 min; gradient time is 2.1 min. Gradient final conc. is 100% B, 5% A. gradient final hold is 0.5 min. Then another hold for further 0.3 min with 98% A, 2% B. Run time 3 min Flow ate 0.30 to 0.5 ml/min.

The LCMS retention times are from Method 1 unless indicated otherwise.

LCMS ret. time Cmpd. # Structure Name AC50 (min.) NCGC00188758-01

N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  0.3659 5.784 NCGC00188783-01

N-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  1.4566 6.094 NCGC00188787-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl) pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide  1.4566 6.434 NCGC00188776-01

N-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  1.4566 5.519 NCGC00188772-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-p- tolylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide  1.6343 5.823 NCGC00188782-01

N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  1.8338 6.437 NCGC00188756-01

N-(4-bromophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  2.0575 6.208 NCGC00188780-01

N-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  2.0575 5.793 NCGC00229708-01

N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-7- methyl-5-phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  2.0575 7.439 MLS000708974-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4- ethylphenyl)-5- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  2.2387 2.47 Method 2 NCGC00188764-01

N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  2.3086 6.745 NCGC00182141-01

N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  2.5119 2.67 Method 3 NCGC00182160-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2- ethoxyphenyl)-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  2.5119 2.44 Method 3 NCGC00182179-01

N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  2.5119 2.71 Method 3 NCGC00187969-01

N-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  2.5902 6.328 NCGC00182133-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(3,4- dimethylphenyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  3.1623 2.59 Method 3 NCGC00182171-01

N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  3.1623 2.58 Method 3 NCGC00182172-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  3.1623 2.57 Method 3 NCGC00187970-01

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  3.2609 6.231 MLS000662187-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1-(4- fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)-5-phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  3.2609 2.34 Method 2 NCGC00229713-01

N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  3.6588 6.462 NCGC00182174-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(2,3- diydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  3.9811 2.64 Method 3 NCGC00182166-01

N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-7- methyl-5-methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  3.9811 NCGC00188755-01

N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  4.1053 6.939 MLS000662237-01

N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-5- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  5.0119 2.76 Method 2 NCGC00188766-01

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  5.7988 5.581 NCGC00229707-01

N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-7- methyl-5-phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  5.7988 7.298 NCGC00187967-01

N-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  6.1783 6.129 NCGC00054856-02

N-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  6.5064 5.329 NCGC00188771-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-m- tolylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide  6.5064 5.841 NCGC00229715-01

N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7- methyl-5-phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  6.5064 7.257 MLS000765493-01

N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  7.0795 2.66 Method 2 NCGC00182186-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(2- (phenylthio)phenyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  7.0795 2.72 Method 3 NCGC00229719-01

N-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)- 7-methyl-5-phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  8.1911 7.025 NCGC00187975-01

5,7-dimethyl-N- phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  8.1911 5.522 NCGC00188768-01

N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  8.1911 5.328 NCGC00182167-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(2,3- dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6- yl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  8.9125 2.37 Method 3 NCGC00229717-01

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7- phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  9.1905 6.884 NCGC00182142-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3- ethylphenyl)-5-methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 10    2.50 Method 3 NCGC00182146-01

N-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 10    2.48 Method 3 NCGC00182165-01

methyl 2-(7-methyl-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3- carboxamido)benzoate 10    2.36 Method 3 NCGC00188773-01

N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo [b][1,4]dioxin-6- yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  10.3119 5.301 NCGC00187971-01

N-cyclohexyl-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  10.3119 5.551 NCGC00182182-01

N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  11.2202 2.83 Method 3 NCGC00182154-01

N-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  11.2202 1.75 Method 3 NCGC00188779-01

N-(2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  11.5702 6.112 NCGC00182170-01

N-cyclopentyl-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  12.5893 2.39 Method 3 NCGC00182175-01

N-cyclohexyl-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  12.5893 2.48 Method 3 NCGC00182139-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(6- methylpyridin-2-yl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  12.5893 2.15 Method 3 NCGC00182185-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(3- (phenylamino)phenyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  12.5893 2.55 Method 3 NCGC00182188-01

N-(2-bromophenyl)-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  12.5893 2.60 Method 3 NCGC00182186-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(2- (phenylthio)phenyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 12.982 2.72 Method 3 NCGC00188778-01

N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 12.982 6.112 NCGC00229714-01

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-7-methyl-5- phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 12.982 6.914 NCGC00182162-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2- methoxybenzyl)-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  14.1254 2.26 Method 3 NCGC00182190-01

5-cyclopropylidene-N-(2- (phenylthio)phenyl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  14.1254 2.76 Method 3 NCGC00182176-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(1,2,3,4- tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  14.1254 NCGC00182148-01

N-(2-chlorobenzyl)-7- difluoromethyl)-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  14.1254 2.35 Method 3 NCGC00182132-01

methyl 2-(5-cyclopropylidene- 7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3- carboxamido)benzoate  15.8489 2.54 Method 3 NCGC00182159-01

N-(4-chlorophenethyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  15.8489 2.40 Method 3 NCGC00182161-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-5- methylene-N-(2- (trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  15.8489 2.39 Method 3 NCGC00182197-01

N-hexyl-7-methyl-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  15.8489 2.47 Method 3 NCGC00182198-01

7-methyl-5-methylene-N-(5- methylpyridin-2-yl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  15.8489 1.78 Method 3 NCGC00188770-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-o- tolylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide  16.3433 5.730 NCGC00188762-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-(quinolin-3- yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3- carboxamide  16.3433 4.266 NCGC00187965-01

N-(3-chlorobenzyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  18.3375 5.639 NCGC00229712-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-(2- (phenylthio)phenyl) pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  18.3375 6.590 NCGC00188763-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-(quinolin-2- yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide 20.575 4.637 NCGC00188769-01

N-(4-cyanophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 20.575 5.441 NCGC00182147-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2- methoxyphenethyl)-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  25.1189 2.31 Method 3 NCGC00188754-01

N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  25.9024 6.816 NCGC00188781-01

N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  25.9024 5.483 NCGC00229716-01

N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  25.9024 6.715 NCGC00182145-01

N-sec-butyl-7-(difluoromethyl)- 5-methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  31.6228 2.22 Method 3 NCGC00182151-01

N-(2-chlorophenethyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  31.6228 2.38 Method 3 NCGC0010182152-01

(7-(difluoromethyl)-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(4- phenylpiperazin-1- yl)methanone  31.6228 2.08 Method 3 NCGC00187978-01

N-isobutyl-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  32.6092 5.075 NCGC00188785-01

N-(3-acetylphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  32.6092 5.266 NCGC00229711-01

N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5- methyl-7-phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  32.6092 7.407 NCGC00182144-01

(7-(difluoromethyl)-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(4-(pyridin-2- yl)piperazin-l-yl)methanone  35.4813 1.59 NCGC00188786-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-(3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl) pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide  41.0526 6.364 NCGC00187976-01

N-benzyl-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  51.6821 5.189 NCGC00188759-01

N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  51.6821 4.723 NCGC00188774-01

N-(4-methoxy-2- methylphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide  51.6821 5.530 NCGC00188784-01

N-(4-acetylphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 163.4332 5.250 NCGC00229718-01

5-methyl-7-phenyl-N-p- tolylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide 205.7502 6.585 MLS000663265-01

N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)- 5-cyclopropyl-7- (difluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.36 Method 2 MLS000716072-01

N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 1.86 Method 2 NCGC00182126-01

N,N-dicyclohexyl-5- cyclopropylidene-7- difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.84 Method 3 NCGC00182127-01

N-(4-bromophenyl)-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.60 Method 3 NCGC00182128-01

5-cyclopropylidene-N-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.78 Method 3 NCGC00182129-01

N-(4-acetylphenyl)-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.35 Method 3 NCGC00182130-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(3,4- dimethoxyphenethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.25 Method 3 NCGC00182131-01

(5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)- yl)methanone 2.37 Method 3 NCGC00182134-01

N-(4-chlorophenyl)-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.57 Method 3 NCGC00182135-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(pyridin-4- yl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 1.71 Method 3 NCGC00182136-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(pyridin-3- yl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 1.73 Method 3 NCGC000182137-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(1- methylpiperidin-4-yl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 1.65 Method 3 NCGC00182138-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-((1-methyl- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 1.99 Method 3 NCGC00182140-01

N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5- methylene-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.29 Method 3 NCGC00182143-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N- (4-methoxybenzyl)-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.21 Method 3 NCGC00182149-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3,4- dimethoxyphenethyl)-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.16 Method 3 NCGC00182150-01

N-benzyl-7-(difluoromethyl)-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.23 Method 3 NCGC00182153-01

N-(4-bromo-2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide NCGC00182155-01

(7-(difluoromethyl)-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(piperidin-1- yl)methanone 2.09 Method 3 NCGC00182156-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4- fluorobenzyl)-5-methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.24 Method 3 NCGC00182157-01

N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.34 Method 3 NCGC00182158-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3,4- dimethoxybenzyl)-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide NCGC00182163-01

(7-(difluoromethyl)-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)- yl)methanone 2.23 Method 3 NCGC00182164-01

N-allyl-7-methyl-5-methylene- 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.00 Method 3 NCGC00182168-01

(5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(indolin-1- yl)methanone 2.39 Method 3 NCGC00182169-01

N-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.62 Method 3 NCGC00182173-01

N-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.43 Method 3 NCGC00182177-01

(5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(2- methylpiperidin-1- yl)methanone 2.35 Method 3 NCGC00182178-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(3,4- difluorophenyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.51 Method 3 NCGC00182180-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N- (naphthalen-1-yl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.58 Method 3 NCGC00182181-01

5-cyclopropylidene-N-(3,4- difluorophenyl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.56 Method 3 NCGC00182183-01

5-cyclopropylidene-N-(3,5- dichlorophenyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.77 Method 3 NCGC00182184-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(4- nitrophenyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.46 Method 3 NCGC00182187-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(4- sulfamoylphenyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.07 Method 3 NCGC00182189-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(2- fluorophenyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.52 Method 3 NCGC00182191-01

N-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-5- cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide NCGC00182192-01

(5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(6-methyl-3,4- dihydroquinolin-1(2H)- yl)methanone 2.49 Method 3 NCGC00182193-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-(1-(pyridin- 4-yl)ethyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 1.71 Method 3 NCGC00182194-01

7-methyl-5-methylene-N-(3-(3- (trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamoyl) phenyl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.5 Method 3 NCGC00182195-01

N-benzyl-7-methyl-5- methylene-N-phenethyl-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.47 Method 3 NCGC00182196-01

N-(4-acetamido-3- chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-5- methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.07 Method 3 NCGC00182199-01

N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl- 5-methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 2.07 Method 3 NCGC00182200-01

N-(isoquinolin-5-yl)-7-methyl- 5-methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 1.68 Method 3 NCGC00182241-01

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2- fluorobenzyl)-5-methylene-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide NCGC00182242-01

5-cyclopropylidene-7- (difluoromethyl)-N-p-tolyl-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide NCGC00187966-01

N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 3.717 NCGC00187968-01

(5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(4-(4- nitrophenyl)piperazin-1- yl)methanone 5.079 NCGC00187972-01

N-isopropyl-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 4.655 NCGC00187973-01

(5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(pyrrolidin-1- yl)methanone 3.843 NCGC00187974-01

N-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5.472 NCGC00187977-01

N,5,7-trimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 3.709 NCGC00187979-01

N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 4.386 NCGC00188757-01

(5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(4- methylpiperazin-1- yl)methanone 2.543 NCGC00188760-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-(4- (methylsulfonyl)phenyl) pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide 4.759 NCGC00188761-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-(pyridin-4- yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3- carboxamide 3.326 NCGC00188765-01

N-(2-acetamidophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 4.169 NCGC00188767-01

N-(4-acetamidophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 4.385 NCGC00188775-01

5,7-dimethyl-N-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5.239 NCGC00188777-01

N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5.026 NCGC00229709-01

N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5- methyl-7-phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 6.165 NCGC00229710-01

N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5- methyl-7-phenylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 7.215 NCGC00229720-01

5-methyl-7-phenyl-N-(2- (phenylthio)phenyl)pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine-3- carboxamide 7.281 CCB2-5-1

N-((2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dien-2- yl)-5-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H- cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CCB2-6-1

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl- 7,8-dihydro-6H- cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CCB2-7-1

5-methyl-N-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-7,8- dihydro-6H- cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-8-1

N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5- methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H- cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-9-1

N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5-methyl- 7,8-dihydro-6H- cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-10-1

N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5- methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H- cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-12-1

5-methyl-N-p-tolyl-6,7,8,9- tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5- a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide CGB2-13-1

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl- 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5- a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide CGB2-14-1

5-methyl-N-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5- a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide CGB2-16-1

N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5-methyl- 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5- a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide CGB2-17-1

N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5- methyl-6,7,8,9- tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5- a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide CGB2-18-1

7-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-N- p-tolylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-19-1

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4- ethylphenyl)-5- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-20-10

7-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-N- (4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3- carboxamide CGB2-21-1

N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7- (difluoromethyl)-5- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-22-1

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4- ethynylphenyl)-5- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-23-1

N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5- (difluoromethyl)-7- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-32-1

5,7-dimethyl-N-(4- morpholinophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-33-1

5,7-dimethyl-N-(4-(piperidin-1- yl)phenyl)epyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-34-1

N-(3-(dimethylamino)phenyl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-35-1

N-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-36-1

N-(4-bromophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-39-1

N-(4′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-41-1

N-(3′-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-42-1

N-(3′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-43-1

N-(4′-(dimethylamino) biphenyl-4-yl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-62-1

N-(4′-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-63-1

N-(3′-(dimethylamino) biphenyl-4-yl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-68-1

N-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-55-1

N-(3-bromophenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-56-1

N-(4′-methoxybiphenyl-3-yl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-57-1

N-(4′-cyanobiphenyl-3-yl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-58-1

N-(3′-methoxybiphenyl-3-yl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-59-1

N-(4′-(dimethylamino) biphenyl-3-yl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-60-1

N-(3′-(dimethylamino) biphenyl-3-yl)- 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-61-1

5,7-dimethyl-N-(3-(pyrimidin- 5-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-67-1

N-(3′-cyanobiphenyl-3-yl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-64-1

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7- (4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3- carboxamide CGB2-65-1

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl- 7-(2-morpholinoethylamino) pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3- carboxamide CGB2-75-1

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7- (piperidin-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-77-1

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7- morpholinopyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-79-1

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-7-(4- isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-5- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-80-1

N-(4-ethylphenyl)-7-(4- isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-5- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-81-1

7-(4-(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl)piperazin- 1-yl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-82-1

7-(3,5-dimethylmorpholino)-N- (4-ethylphenyl)-5- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-83-1

7-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)- N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5- methylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide CGB2-70-1

N-(4-(3-(dimethylamino)prop- 1-ynyl)phenyl)-5,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier wherein the ring

is a ring system of the formula (i)

in which R₅ is an optionally substituted alkylidene group and R₆ and R₇ carry the definitions set forth below, or (ii)

in which R₅, R₆, and R₇ carry the definitions set forth below; R₁ is phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, cyclohexyl, or dihydroindenyl, each of which R₁ is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, -CHO, -COOH, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₂-C₆alkanoyl, (mono- or di- C₁-C₆alkylamino)C₀-C₄alkyl, mono- or di-C₁-C₆alkylcarboxamide, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy, and with 0 or 1 substituents chosen from Y-Z- where Z is a covalent bond, C₁-C₄alkylene, C₂-C₄alkenylene, C₂-C₄alkynylene, -S-, -0-, -NR-, -C(0)-, -NHC(0)-, or -C(0)NH-, where R is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, and Y is phenyl, pyrimidinyl, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, or pyridyl, each of which is substituted with 0 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, mono- and di- C₁-C₄alkylamino, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and phenyl; and R₂ is hydrogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₃-C₇cycloalkyl, or (phenyl)C_(o)-C₂alkyl; R₃ is hydrogen; R₅ is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, vinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylidenyl, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl; R₆ is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, or C₁-C₄alkoxy; and R₇ is halogen, amino, cyano, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl, or R₇ is phenyl or a 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 1 or 2 heteroatoms chosen from N, O and S, each of which R₇ is directly attached via a covalent bond or attached via a C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, or C₁-C₄alkylamino group, and each of which R₇ is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C_(i)-C₄alkyl, C_(i)-C₄alkoxy, (mono- and di-C₁-C₂alkylamino)C_(o)-C₄alkyl, C_(i)-C₂haloalkyl, and C_(i)-C₂haloalkoxy; or R₆ and R₇ are taken together to form a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring with no additional points of unsaturation, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from C₁-C₂alkyl and C₁-C₂alkoxy; wherein R₁ is not unsubstituted phenyl, dihydroindenyl, cyclohexyl, or phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently chosen from chloro, fluoro, C₁-C₄alkyl, acetyl, and trifluoromethyl, when R₆ is hydrogen, and R₅ and R₇ are both methyl, or when R₆ is hydrogen and one of R₅ and R₇ is methyl and the other is phenyl.
 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein R₆ is hydrogen.
 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 of the formula


4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 of the formula

where R_(5a) is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₃-C₇cycloalkyl, or 4- to 7-membered carbon-attached heterocycloalkyl, having 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently chosen from N, S, and O.
 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein R₂ is hydrogen or methyl; and R₅ is C₁-C₄alkyl or difluoromethyl; and R₇ is C₁-C₄difluoromethyl, or phenyl.
 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 5, wherein R₅ and R₇ are both methyl; or R₅ is methyl and R₇ is phenyl; or one of R₅ and R₇ is methyl and the other is difluoromethyl.
 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein R₁ is phenyl, cyclohexyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, or dihydroindenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, -CHO, -COOH, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkanoyl, mono- or di- C₁-C₆alkylamino, mono- or di-C₁-C₆alkylcarboxamide, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy, and with 0 or 1 substituents chosen from Y-Z- where Z is a covalent bond, C₁-C₄alkylene, -S-, -0-, -NR-, -C(0)-, -NHC(0)-, or -C(0)NH-, where R is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, and Y is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, C₁-C₄alkyl, and C₁-C₄alkoxy.
 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein R₁ is phenyl, substituted with at least one substituent chosen from cyano, trifluoromethyl, and CH₃C(0)NH-, or R₁ is cyclohexyl, substituted with at least one trifluoromethyl, or C₃-C₆alkyl; or R₁ is dihydroindenyl, substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, -CHO, -COOH, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₂-C₄alkanoyl, mono- or di- C₁-C₄alkylamino, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy.
 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein R_(5a) is hydrogen or cyclopropyl.
 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein R₂ is hydrogen or methyl; and R₇ is C₁-C₄alkyl, difluoromethyl, or phenyl.
 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein R₇ is difluoromethyl.
 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein R₁ is phenyl, cyclohexyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, or dihydroindenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, -CHO, -COOH, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkanoyl, mono- and di- C₁-C₆alkylamino, mono- and di-C₁-C₆alkylcarboxamide, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy, and with 0 or 1 substituents chosen from Y-Z- where Z is a covalent bond, C₁-C₄alkylene, -S-, -0-, -NR-, -C(0)-, -NHC(0)-, or -C(0)NH-, where R is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, and Y is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, C₁-C₄alkyl, and C₁-C₄alkoxy.
 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein R₂ is hydrogen or methyl; and R₇ is methyl or difluoromethyl; and R₁ is phenyl, cyclohexyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, or dihydroindenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, -CHO, -COOH, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₂-C₄alkanoyl, mono- or di- C₁-C₄alkylamino, mono- or di-C₁-C₄alkylcarboxamide, C₁-C₂alkylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and difluoromethyl, and with 0 or 1 substituents chosen from Y-Z- where Z is a covalent bond, C₁-C₄alkylene, -S-, -0-, -NR-, -C(0)-, -NHC(0)-, or -C(0)NH-, where R is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, and Y is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy.
 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of an oral dosage form.
 15. A method of treating Gaucher disease in a patient or preventing the symptoms of Gaucher disease in a patient having a GBA gene mutation comprising providing an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the patient, wherein Formula (I) is:

wherein the ring

is a ring system of the formula (i)

in which R₅ is an optionally substituted akylidene group and R₆ and R₇ carry the definitions set forth below, or (ii)

in which R₅, R₆, and R₇ carry the definitions set forth below; R₁ is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, (mono- or bicyclic carbocycle)C_(o)-C₄alkyl or (mono- or bicyclic heterocycle)C₀-C₄alkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, -CHO, -COOH, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₂-C₆alkanoyl, (mono- and di- C₁-C₆alkylamino)C₀-C₄alkyl, mono- and di-C₁-C₆alkylcarboxamide, C₁-C₆alkylester, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy, and with 0 or 1 substituents chosen from Y-Z- where Z is a covalent bond, C₁-C₄alkylene, -S-, -0-, -NR-, -C(0)-, -NHC(0)-, or -C(0)NH-, where R is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, and Y is phenyl, pyrimidinyl, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, or pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, C₁-C₄alkyl, C_(i)-C₄alkoxy, mono- and di- C₁-C₄alkylamino, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and phenyl; and R₂ is hydrogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₃-C₇cycloalkyl, or (phenyl)C₀-C₂alkyl; or R₁ and R₂ are joined to form a 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 0 or 1 additional heteroatoms chosen from N, 0, and S, which 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is optionally fused to a phenyl or pyridyl; which 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy; R₃ is hydrogen or C₁-C₂alkyl; R₅ is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, vinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylidenyl, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, or phenyl; R₆ is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₄alkyl, or C₁-C₄alkoxy; and R₇ is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl; or R₇ is phenyl or a 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 1 or 2 heteroatoms chosen from N, 0, and S, each of which R₇ is directly attached via a covalent bond or attached via a C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, or C₁-C₄alkylamino group, and each of which R₇ is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, (mono- and di-C₁-C₂alkylamino)C₀-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy; or R₆ and R₇ are taken together to form a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring with no additional points of unsaturation, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from C₁-C₂alkyl and C₁-C₂alkoxy.
 16. A method of increasing the amount of beta glucocerebrosidase in the white blood cells of patient having a GBA gene mutation, comprising providing an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the patient, wherein Formula (I) is:

wherein the ring

is a ring system of the formula (i)

in which R₅ is an optionally substituted akylidene group and R₆ and R₇ carry the definitions set forth below, or (ii)

in which R₅, R₆, and R₇ carry the definitions set forth below; R₁ is C₁-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, (mono- or bicyclic carbocycle)C₀-C₄alkyl or (mono- or bicyclic heterocycle)C₀-C₄alkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, —CHO, —COOH, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₂-C₆alkanoyl, (mono- or di- C₁-C₆alkylamino) C₀-C₄alkyl, mono- or di-C₁-C₆alkylcarboxamide, C₁-C₆alkylester, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy, and with 0 or 1 substituents chosen from Y-Z- where Z is a covalent bond, C₁-C₄alkylene, -S-, -0-, -NR-, -C(0)-, -NHC(0)-, or -C(0)NH-, where R is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, and Y is phenyl, pyrimidinyl, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, or pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, C₁-C₄alkyl, C_(i)-C₄alkoxy, mono- and di- C₁-C₄alkylamino, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and phenyl; and R₂ is hydrogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₃-C₇cycloalkyl, or (phenyl)C_(o)-C₂alkyl; or R₁ and R₂ are joined to form a 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 0 or 1 additional heteroatoms chosen from N, 0, and S, which 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is optionally fused to a phenyl or pyridyl; which 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy; R₃ is hydrogen or C₁-C₂alkyl; R₅ is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, C₁-C₄alkyl, vinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylidenyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, or phenyl; R₆ is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₄alkyl, or C₁-C₄alkoxy; and R₇ is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, C₁-C₄alkyl, C_(i)-C₄alkoxy, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl, or R₇ is phenyl or a 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 1 or 2 heteroatoms chosen from N, 0, and S, each of which R₇ is directly attached via a covalent bond or attached via a C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, or C₁-C₄alkylamino group, and each of which R₇ is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, (mono- and di-C₁-C₂alkylamino)C₀-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₂haloalkyl, and C₁-C₂haloalkoxy; or R₆ and R₇ are taken together to form a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring with no additional points of unsaturation, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from C₁-C₂alkyl and C₁-C₂alkoxy.
 17. A compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is: N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-bromophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3 -carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3 -carboxamide; N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5 -methyl-7-phenylpyrazolo[1.5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-(phenylthio)phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethylphenyl)-5 -methylene-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidine-3 -carboxamide; N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)-7-(difluoromethyl)-5-methylene-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-cyclohexyl-5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3 -(phenylamino)phenyl)-4,5 -dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3 -carboxamide; N-(2-bromophenyl)-5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-(phenylthio)phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-N-(2-(phenylthio)phenyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,2,3 ,4-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)-4,5 -dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3 -carboxamide; 5 ,7-dimethyl-N-(2-(phenylthio)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-cyanophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N,N-dicyclohexyl-5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-bromophenyl)-5 -cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3 -carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-acetylphenyl)-5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo 1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5 -dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3 -carboxamide; N-(4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-7-(difluoromethyl)-5-methylene-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3 -carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3 ,4-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo 1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(naphthalen- 1 -yl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3 -carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-N-(3 ,4-difluorophenyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-N-(3 ,5-dichlorophenyl)-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-4,5 -dihydropyrazolo[1,5 -a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 7-methyl-5-methylene-N-(3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-acetamido-3-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-5-methylene-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-5-methylene-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropylidene-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-p-tolyl-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3 -cyanophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5,7-dimethyl-N-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(2-acetamidophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-acetamidophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-methyl-7-phenyl-N-(2-(phenylthio)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-methyl-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5-methyl-N-p-tolyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide; N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide; 5-methyl-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide; N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide; N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide; 7-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-N-p-tolylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 7-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7-(difluoromethyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-5-(difluoromethyl)-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5,7-dimethyl-N-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-bromophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4’-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3′-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4′-(dimethylamino)biphenyl-4-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4′-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3′-(dimethylamino)biphenyl-4-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3-bromophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4′-methoxybiphenyl-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4′-cyanobiphenyl-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3′-methoxybiphenyl-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4′-(dimethylamino)biphenyl-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3′-(dimethylamino)biphenyl-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 5,7-dimethyl-N-(3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(3′-cyanobiphenyl-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7-(2-morpholinoethylamino)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7-morpholinopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-ethylphenyl)-7-(4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-5 -methylpyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; N-(4-ethylphenyl)-7-(4-isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 7-(4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)piperazin-l-yl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; 7-(3,5-dimethylmorpholino)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide; or 7-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide.
 18. The compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 17, wherein the compound is N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (NCGC00188758-01).
 19. The compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 17, wherein the compound is N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (CGB2-64-1).
 20. The compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 17, wherein the compound is ((N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (CGB2-75-1).
 21. The compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 17, wherein the compound is N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-7-morpholinopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (CGB2-77-1).
 22. The compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 17, wherein the compound is N-(4-ethylphenyl)-7-(4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (CGB2-79-1).
 23. The compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 17, wherein the compound is N-(4-ethylphenyl)-7-(4-isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (CGB2-80-1).
 24. The compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 17, wherein the compound is 7-(4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (CGB2-81-1).
 25. The compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 17, wherein the compound is 7-(3,5-dimethylmorpholino)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (CGB2-82-1).
 26. A compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 17, wherein the compound is 7-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (CGB2-83-1). 